Yamaha A3000 El kitabı

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Model: A3000

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Tip: El kitabı

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YAMAHA Wave Editor TWE

Version 2.2.0

for Macintosh

Owner's manual (1/3)

The TWE wave editor (hereafter referred to as TWE) is software for digitally

recording sounds (instrumental sounds, sound effects, voice, etc.) to the

hard disk of a personal computer, and for editing recorded sound data. If an

external Yamaha sampler (*) is connected via a SCSI connection, the sound

data recorded in the sampler can be loaded into TWE and edited, and then re-

transmitted back to the sampler.

*This software supports the Yamaha A3000/4000/5000 professional samplers and

the EX5/5R/7 synthesizers.

TWE was created by the Yamaha Corporation, and is distributed at no cost.

Yamaha Corporation makes no guarantees, implicit or explicit, regarding the

quality or performance of this software. Yamaha Corporation will accept no

responsibility for any damages, direct or consequential (including extended

damages), which may result from use of this software. You must make backups

of data files you create.

In order to use this software, you will need to be familiar with the

Macintosh and the connected devices. Before using this software, please

carefully read this manual and the manuals for your connected device and

Macintosh.

*By using this software, it is possible to create sound data which could not

be produced by normal recording. However, be aware that playing back high

volume full-scale data, or data of extremely low frequencies below 20 Hertz,

or data with a large direct current component may damage your ears and/or

any speakers or headphones that are connected. Please use caution.

•The software and this owner's manual are the exclusive copyrights of Yamaha

Corporation.

•Copying of the software or reproduction of this manual in whole or in part

by any means is expressly forbidden without the written consent of the

manufacturer.

•Yamaha makes no representations or warranties with regard to the use of the

software and documentation and cannot be held responsible for the results of

the use of this manual and the software.

•Since this software is being distributed in free of charge, no user support

will be provided.

•Copying of the commercially available music sequence data and/or digital

audio files is strictly prohibited except for your personal use.

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•The company names and product names in this owner's manual are the

trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

•The screen displays as illustrated in this owner's manual are for

instructional purposes, and may appear somewhat different from the screens

which appear on your computer.

[Contents]

1. Basics

1.1. Operating environment

1.2. Applicable data

1.3. Recording/playback

2. Installing and starting TWE

3. Tag Window and Transport Window

3.1. Tag Window

3.2. Transport Window

4. Waveform Window

4.1. File information display

4.2. Device information display

4.3. Playback start location display

4.4. Selected region display

4.5. Loop region display

4.6. Display resolution

4.7. Waveform display

4.8. Overall waveform display

4.9 Status bar

5. File menu

5.1. New...

5.2. Open...

5.3. Close

5.4. Save

5.5. Save As...

5.6. Revert

5.7. Resample...

5.8. Convert Bit Size...

5.9. Add Channel...

5.10. Delete Channel...

5.11. Swap Channels...

5.12. Import From Sampler...

5.13. Export To Sampler...

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5.14. Load Preferences...

5.15. Save Preferences As...

5.16. Page Setup...

5.17. Print...

5.18. Quit

6. Edit menu

6.1. Undo (or Redo)

6.2. Cut

6.3. Copy

6.4. Paste

6.5. Insert

6.6. Clear

6.7. Select All

6.8. Trim

6.9. Mix

6.10. Reverse

6.11. Invert

6.12. Fade In

6.13. Fade Out

6.14. Loop Crossfade...

6.15. EQ…

6.16. Time Comp / Exp …

6.17. Pitch Shift …

6.18 Gain

6.19. Normalize...

6.20. Silence

6.21. DC Offset...

7. View menu

7.1. Go to

7.2. Zoom

7.3. Selection

7.4. Auto Snap

7.5. Hide (or Show) File/Device Info

7.6. Hide (or Show) Waveform

7.7. Hide (or Show) Overview

7.8. Time Ruler

7.9. Level Ruler

7.10. Scroll During Playback

7.11. Connect Dots

7.12. Waveform Scanning

8. Options menu

8.1. Rescan SCSI

8.2. Select Working Dir...

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8.3. Preferences …

9. Window menu

9.1. Hide (or Show) Tag Window

9.2. Hide (or Show) Transport

9.3. Cascade

9.4. Tile Horizontally

9.5. Tile Vertically

9.6. Next Window

9.7. Close All

9.8. (Select Window)

10. List of shortcut key default settings

11. Main new functions in version 2.2.0

[1. Basics]

1.1. Operating environment

•Macintosh

<CPU>

•PowerPC

<OS>

•System 7.6.1 or newer

•256 colors or more, resolution 640 x 400 or higher

•6MB or more (8MB or more is recommended)

•Average access time 30ms or less

*If you are using the OS earlier than System 7.5, there are some limitations

on the use of the Transport Window. For details refer to "3.2. Transport

Window."

1.2. Applicable data

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•Apple AIFF (displayed by TWE as "AIFF")

•Digidesign Sound Designer II (displayed by TWE as "Sd2f")

•Microsoft Wave PCM (displayed by TWE as "WAVE")

•1 bit to 32 bit

•11,025Hz to 96,000Hz

•1 to 16 channels

1.3. Recording/playback

•Recording/playback via the Macintosh Sound Manager is supported. (Sound

Manager 3.0 or higher is recommended.)

•Only the first one or two channels are used for recording/playback. (This

depends on the Macintosh that you are using.)

•If there is sufficient space on your hard disk, a maximum of two hours of

continuous recording is possible.

•SCSI sample dump data can be transferred between TWE and the A3000/4000/

5000 or EX5/5R/7.

•Loop playback of the desired number of samples can be performed.

[2. Installing and starting TWE]

The TWE application can be used by itself, without any particular

installation procedure.

Double-click the TWE icon. A "Select Working Dir…" dialog box will appear.

Here you can specify the directory in which TWE will create its temporary

working files. (The working directory that you specify here can be changed

using the [Options] menu command [Select Working Dir...]. Refer to "8.2.

Select Working Dir...".)

After you specify the working directory, the TWE title will appear, and Tag

window (the window containing the [Open] button and [New] button) and

Transport window (which contains buttons for playback and recording) will

open.

Then, use the [File] menu commands [Open] or [New...] etc. to open a sound

data file (sound file), and the Waveform Window (TWE's main window which

- 5 -

displays various settings of the sound file) will appear. The following

chapters explain the various parts of TWE's windows.

[3. Tag Window and Transport Window]

3.1. Tag Window

The Tag Window is a small window with two buttons: [Open] and [New].

Clicking [Open] will open an existing sound data file (sound file). (This is

the same function as the [File] menu command [Open...].) Clicking [New] will

create new sound data. (This is the same function as the [File] menu

command [New...].)

If you are using other applications while TWE is running, you may find it

convenient to place the Tag Window at the edge of the screen, so that it can

simply be clicked when you once again want to use TWE.

3.2. Transport Window

The Transport Window contains the buttons which allow sound data to be

played back and recorded, etc.

- 6 -

Moves the playback start location (Play Location) to the beginning of the

sound data.

<Stop>

Stops playback/recording.

<Play>

Begins playback from the playback start location.

Begins recording from the playback start location. During recording, the

loop region setting is ignored. If sufficient space is available on your

hard disk, a maximum of two hours of recording is possible.

If a region is selected in the waveform display area, only that region will

play back. While the region is playing back, the loop region setting is

ignored.

*The TWE window contains two waveform displays. In this manual, the larger

display located below is referred to as the "waveform display (Waveform)."

The smaller display located above is referred to as the "overall waveform

display (Overview)." The waveform display can be made to show a magnified

portion of the overall waveform display. For details on the waveform

display, refer to "4.7. Waveform display," and on the overall waveform

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display refer to "4.8. Overall waveform display."

*If the OS you are using is earlier than System 7.5, there will be cases in

which it will not be possible to switch applications while the Transport

Window is being used. In such cases, temporarily close the Transport Window

before switching applications.

[4. Waveform Window]

The Waveform Window is TWE's main window, in which various settings of the

sound file are shown.

A Waveform Window will open when you execute one of the [File] menu commands

[New...], [Open...], or [Import From Sampler...]. Up to twenty of these

windows can be open at once.

4.1. File information display (File)

This display section is located at the left of the waveform display.

The following information is displayed for the sound file currently opened

by TWE. If the device information display (Device) is open, click the File

tab.

The creator (the ID code of the application which created the sound file) is

displayed. Sound files created by TWE are displayed as "YHWO." For sound

files created by other applications, this display will depend on the

application.

Displays the file type (AIFF, Sd2f, or WAVE).

<Size>

Displays the sample size of the sound file in bits.

<Rate>

Displays the sampling frequency of the sound file in Hertz (Hz).

Displays the number of channels within the sound file.

Displays the total playback time of the file

(hours:minutes:seconds.milliseconds).

- 8 -

Displays the total number of samples in the sound file.

Displays the size (number of bytes) of the sound file.

Displays the last time the file was modified (year.month.day and time).

4.2. Device information display (Device)

This display section is located at the left of the waveform display.

The following information on the audio input/output devices etc. is

displayed. If the file information is displayed (File), click the Device

tab.

Specify the volume for playback. In the case of multi-channel sound data, it

is not possible to set the volume of the channels independently.

Indicates the version of the Sound Manager being used.

Indicates the currently selected working directory and its volume (disk

name).

4.3. Playback start location display (Play Location)

This numerically indicates the location at which playback will begin. The

upper line shows the time location (hours/minutes/seconds/milliseconds), and

the lower line shows the number of samples up to that point.

You can click on one of these values and type in the numerical value from

the keyboard of your computer. Numerical values can be input either for the

upper (time) or lower (sample) fields. Changing one will cause the other to

be calculated and set automatically.

- 9 -

If you click on the time axis markings (Time Ruler) of the waveform display

area, the location at which you clicked will be specified as the playback

start location.

While sound data is being played back or recorded, the current location is

displayed in realtime.

4.4. Selected region display (Selection)

This numerically indicates the region that has been selected in the waveform

display. The start, end, and length of the region are displayed as a number

of samples (Sample) and as hours/minutes/seconds/milliseconds (Time).

You can click on one of these values and type in the numerical value from

the keyboard of your computer. Numerical values can be input either for

Sample or Time fields. Changing one will cause the other to be calculated

and set automatically.

You can also specify the selected region by dragging to left or right in the

waveform display area.

During playback, you can press the start point setting button [|<] / end

point setting button [>|] to set the currently-playing location as the start

or end point of the selected region.

If the region lock button is pressed, these values cannot be changed.

If the region length lock button is pressed, modifying either the start or

the end of the selected region will cause the other point to be shifted so

as to maintain the length of the region.

4.5. Loop region display (Loop)

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This numerically indicates the loop region. The start, end, and length of

the loop region are displayed as a number of samples (Sample) and as hours/

minutes/seconds/milliseconds (Time).

If you specify a loop range and turn on the Loop button, the loop region

will continue to repeat during playback.

*The loop range settings have no effect during recording or during Play

Selection (playback of the selected region).

You can click on one of these values and type in the numerical value from

the keyboard of your computer. Numerical values can be input either for

Sample or Time fields. Changing one will cause the other to be calculated

and set automatically.

You can also set the loop range by holding down the Option key and dragging

over the time axis (Time Ruler) located above the waveform display.

During playback, you can press the start point setting button [|<] / end

point setting button [>|] to set the currently-playing location as the start

or end point of the loop region.

If the loop region lock button has been pressed, it will not be possible to

modify the various loop region values.

If the loop length lock button has been pressed, changing either the loop

start point or loop end point will automatically modify the other point so

as to preserve the length of the loop region.

4.6. Display resolution (Zoom)

This indicates the resolution of the time axis (horizontal) and amplitude

axis (vertical) at which the waveform is displayed in the waveform display

area.

To change the resolution of the time axis, drag the slider knob to left or

right, or click the +/- buttons located at each end. To change the

resolution of the amplitude axis, press the mouse button on the numerals and

then select a value from the popup menu that appears, or click the +/-

buttons located at each end.

- 11 -

4.7. Waveform display (Waveform)

This area shows a magnified portion of the currently opened sound file.

You can use the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to move the displayed

portion. You can also click on the overall waveform display (Overview) to

move the displayed area.

*For details on the overall waveform display, refer to "4.8. Overall

waveform display."

When a sound file is first opened or created, TWE creates waveform display

data that is separate from the actual sound data, in order to speed up the

waveform display. This waveform display data will be saved in the same file

as the sound data when the [File] menu command [Save As...] is executed, so

that even long sound files can be displayed immediately next time.

This waveform display data can be created in the background gradually (refer

to "8.3.3. Others" paragraph "Full scan on open," and "7.12. Waveform

Scanning"). At this time, the entire waveform is displayed in general

outline, and the display will gradually become more accurate. However,

display data for the portion that is actually shown in the waveform display

area will be given priority.

The portion in which the display data is still begin generated will be shown

in a different color than the portion which has already been completed

(refer to "8.3.1. Colors").

By dragging to left or right over a desired region of the waveform display,

you can select that region. If the selected region is not locked, clicking

in the waveform display area will defeat the previously selected region.

For sound data which contains two or more channels (stereo, etc.), you can

drag the mouse across the dividing lines between channels to simultaneously

select adjacent channels. Some operations which modify the length of the

waveform, such as the [Edit] menu command [Cut], cannot be executed unless

all channels are selected simultaneously.

If you press the Option key while the mouse cursor is located in the

waveform display, a cross-shaped cursor will appear. This is convenient when

you wish to use the time axis (Time Ruler) and amplitude axis (Level Ruler)

to learn the precise position of the mouse.

By holding down the Option key and dragging across the time axis (Time

Ruler) located above the waveform display, you can set the loop region.

Also, when you move the mouse pointer near the left (or right) edge of the

- 12 -

loop region shown in the time axis ruler, the mouse pointer will change

shape, and you can drag to left or right to modify the start/end points of

the loop region. By dragging the mouse within the loop region (brown, with

the default settings) in the time axis ruler, you can change the location of

the loop region without affecting the length of the loop. In addition, if

you hold down both the Option key and the Shift key and then click outside

the loop region shown in the time axis ruler, the loop region will be

extended to that point.

By clicking any other point in the time axis ruler, you can set the playback

start time to that location.

4.8. Overall waveform display (Overview)

The overall waveform display shows a graphic image of the entire sound file

that is currently opened by TWE. The rectangular bar (light green by

default) indicates the portion of the entire waveform that is currently

displayed at a higher magnification in the waveform display.

By clicking in the overall waveform display, you can specify the region of

the waveform which will be displayed in the waveform display. You can also

hold down the Option key and drag to specify the region of the waveform

which will be displayed in the waveform display.

4.9. Status bar

The status bar located in the lower part of the Wave window displapys the

following information, from left to right.

< Waveform scan ratio >

The progress of the scanning that is performed in order to generate the

waveform display data is displayed here as a percentage. When the scan is

completed, this will indicate "100.0%."

< Mouse cursor location on the time axis >

This indicates the location of the mouse pointer within the waveform display

area. The units are the same as those currently selected for the Time Ruler.

If the Time Ruler is not being used, this location will be shown as time

(hours:minutes:seconds.milliseconds).

- 13 -

- continues to 2/3 -

- 14 -

YAMAHA Wave Editor TWE

Version 2.2.0

for Macintosh

Owner's manual (2/3)

[5. File menu]

5.1. New...

This command creates new sound data. When you select [New...], a dialog box

will appear, allowing you to set the following parameters.

Specify the file type of the new sound data: AIFF, Sd2f, or WAVE. (For

details on each file type, refer to "1.2. Applicable data.")

Select the sample size (bit) of the new sound data.

By selecting Others, you can specify a sample size in the range of 1-32

bits.

Specify whether the new sound data will be stereo or monaural. By selecting

Others, you can specify up to 16 channels.

Select the sampling frequency (Hz) of the new sound data.

You can specify the length (playback time) of the new sound data either in

minutes/seconds/milliseconds (In Time) or as a number of samples (In

Sample). When you input one of these, the other will be calculated and

displayed automatically. The data size (Data size) and remaining space on

the disk (Working volume remain) will also be displayed as bytes.

Specify what type of sound data will be created. Select from the following

choices.

•Silence...

(Blank data will be created. This is completely silent data.)

•Disk Garbage...

- 1 -

(The data which was originally on the disk (meaningless garbage) will be

used without change.)

•Square...

(Square wave data will be created.)

•Sawtooth...

(Sawtooth wave data will be created.)

•Triangle...

(Triangle wave data will be created.)

•Sine...

(Sine wave data will be created.)

If you select a choice other than Disk Garbage, the actual sound data will

simply be created as an image in memory, meaning that the data will not be

saved as a sound file until you execute the [File] menu command [Save

As...].

If you have selected Square, Sawtooth, Triangle, or Sine, you can specify

the Amplitude and Frequency.

*Please be aware that playing back high volume full-scale data or data of

extremely low frequencies below 20 Hertz may damage your ears and/or any

speakers or headphones that are connected. Please use with caution.

*If your Macintosh has a 68K CPU, sawtooth wave, triangle wave, and sine

wave display will become extremely slow. In such cases, execute the [New]

command, and then save the newly created sound data to hard disk before

using it.

5.2. Open...

Opens a sound file that is compatible with TWE, and displays it in a

Waveform Window. TWE can open AIFF, Sound Designer II(Sd2f), and normal (PCM

type) WAVE format files.

5.3. Close

Closes the Waveform Window.

If the edited content has not been saved, you will be asked whether or not

you wish to save. Select one of the following choices.

- 2 -

[Save]

Save the edited content and close the Waveform Window.

[Don't Save]

Close the Waveform Window without saving the edited content. Your edits will

be lost.

[Cancel]

The Waveform Window will not be closed, nor will the edited content be

saved.

5.4. Save

Saves the edited sound data by overwriting it onto the original sound file.

5.5. Save As...

Saves the edited sound data as a new file of a different name. In this

dialog box you can also specify a different format (AIFF, Sd2f, or WAVE) for

saving.

5.6. Revert

Returns the edited content to the state which was last saved. Your edits up

to that point will be lost.

*It is not possible to Undo (cancel) this operation.

5.7. Resample...

This command converts the sampling frequency of the sound data.

A FIR filter is used for the conversion. The characteristics of this FIR

filter can be set by three parameters: FIR Order, Rejection, and Sampling

Rate.

Specify the coefficient of the FIR filter which will be used for the

conversion. The higher this value, the better the quality will be, but a

longer time will be required for processing.

<Rejection(dB)>

Specify the ratio at which aliasing noise will be canceled. As this value is

- 3 -

raised, the noise produced during conversion will decrease, but the high

frequency range will be cut.

Specify the sampling frequency after conversion. The available range is

11,000Hz-64,000Hz.

5.8. Convert Bit Size ...

This command converts the sample size (number of bits) of the sound data.

5.9. Add Channel...

This command adds a silent channel to the currently open sound data. If you

execute the [Add Channel...] command on monaural data, it will become stereo

data with one side of silence.

5.10. Delete Channel...

This command deletes the specified channel from multi-channel sound data. If

you execute the [Delete Channel...] command on stereo data, it will become

monaural data.

5.11. Swap Channels...

This command exchanges the waveforms of two specified channels within multi-

channel sound data.

5.12. Import From Sampler...

When an external Yamaha sampler (A3000/4000/5000, EX5/5R/7) is connected via

SCSI, this command loads sound data from the sampler into TWE.

*If you are using an A3000/4000/5000, you must first select MIDI function in

Utility mode, and turn off the Bulk Dump Protect setting.

* If you are using an EX5/5R/7, only those samples which are stored in DRAM

can be transmitted to TWE. Samples stored in FLASH cannot be transmitted. If

you wish to transmit samples stored in FLASH to TWE, you must execute the

Copy Sample function on the EX to copy the desired sample from FLASH to

DRAM, and then execute TWE's [Import From Sampler...] command.

- 4 -

5.13. Export To Sampler...

When an external Yamaha sampler (A3000/4000/5000, EX5/5R7) is connected via

SCSI, this command transmits sound data to the sampler.

*If you are using an A3000/4000/5000, you must first select MIDI function in

Utility mode, and turn off the Bulk Dump Protect setting.

*Many of the sound parameters associated with the waveform data of a sampler

will be lost when the sample is imported into TWE. This means that after a

sound data file which was imported from a sampler to TWE is once again

exported back to the sampler, the sound parameters and various other

settings may have changed. Also, parameters such as the sample size may also

be converted as appropriate for that sampler when they are exported.

5.14. Load Preferences...

This command lets you select any previously saved Preference file, and load

its settings into TWE.

Preference data includes settings such as the color scheme of TWE's windows

and the shortcut key settings, which you are free to set as desired using

the [Options] menu command [Preferences...]. (Refer to "8.3.

Preferences...")

These Preference settings can then be saved using the [File] menu command

[Save Preferences As...] (see below), as a Preference file that is separate

from the sound files.

*Unless you execute the [Load Preferences...] command, the previously used

Preference data will be loaded when TWE is started up. When you exit TWE,

the Preference data at that point will be preserved.

*You can also load the settings of a Preference file into TWE by double-

clicking the desired Preference file.

5.15. Save Preferences As...

This command saves TWE's current Preference data as a Preference file. The

Preference file that you save can be loaded into TWE by the above-described

[Load Preferences...] command.

- 5 -

5.16. Page Setup...

This command opens the standard Macintosh page setup dialog box, allowing

you to specify the page setup settings that will be used when you use the

[Print...] command (see below).

5.17. Print...

This command lets you make a hard copy (printout) of the currently active

Waveform Window.

5.18. Quit

This command closes all currently open Waveform Windows, and exits TWE.

[6. Edit menu]

This version of TWE performs all editing operations non-destructively. This

means that until you execute the [File] menu command [Save] to overwrite the

previous data, the previously saved sound file will not be rewritten.

This lets you edit data safely, but has the drawback that a large capacity

disk is required. Make sure that you specify a disk with sufficient capacity

as the Working Directory. (For details on the Working Directory, refer to

"8.2. Select Working Dir...")

6.1. Undo (or Redo)

The [Undo] command restores the data to the state in which it was before the

previous editing operation. After Undo has been executed, the [Undo] command

in the [Edit] menu will change to [Redo]. The [Redo] command will bring back

the edited data which had been canceled by Undo.

6.2. Cut

This command cuts the region that is currently selected in the waveform

display, and copies it to the TWE clipboard. The data following the region

which was cut will slide forward.

In the case of sound data with two or more channels, the [Cut] command can

be executed only if the selected region includes all channels.

- 6 -

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Yamaha A3000 El kitabı

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Model: A3000

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Tip: El kitabı

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