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Dante Controller User
Guide
User Guide
For Dante Controller version 3.5.x
For Windows and OS X
Document version: 1.6
Document name:AUD-MAN-DanteController-3.5.x-v1.6.pdf
Published: Tuesday, 16 December 2014
Dante Controller User Guide
Copyright © 2014 Audinate Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Contents
About Audinate 9
About Dante 9
Introduction 10
About Dante Controller 10
What's New in version 3.5 10
v3.5.6 10
v3.5.1 10
v3.5.0 11
v3.4.0 11
v3.2.9 12
v3.2.8 12
Minimum System Requirements 12
General 12
Windows 12
Mac OSX 13
OperatingSystem Updates 13
Firewall Configuration 13
Monitor Requirements 13
Installing Dante Controller 14
Downloading Dante Controller 14
Installing Dante Controller on Windows 14
Installing Dante Controller on Mac OSX 14
Uninstalling Dante Controller 14
Windows 15
Mac OS X 15
Dante Basics 16
Discovery and auto-configuration 16
Automatic network configuration 16
Automatic discovery 16
Device Channels 16
Subscribing to Audio Channels 17
Subscribing to Multiple Audio Channels at once 17
Unsubscribing Audio Channels 17
Subscription Status 17
Subscription Tooltips 17
Differentiating between input and output channels 18
Device Names and Channel Labels 18
Rules for Names and Labels 19
Routing Audio 19
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Routing Terminology 19
Subscription 20
Redundancy 20
Audio Formats 21
Flows 21
Advanced Routing: Using Multicast 22
Clock Synchronization 22
Dante Clock Types 22
Clock Settings 22
Enable Sync To External 22
Preferred Master 22
Clocking and Synchronization in Redundant Networks 23
Latency 23
LatencyMonitoring 23
Latency and Dante Virtual Soundcard 24
Dante Control and Monitoring 24
Starting Dante Controller 25
Where to find the Dante Controller application 25
Windows 25
Mac OSX 25
Configuring Dante Controller 25
Network Interface Selection 25
Network Interface Configuration Guidelines 26
Primary only (non-redundant) Dante network 26
Primary and secondary Dante networks (redundant configuration), only one network
interface on the host computer 27
Primary and secondary networks (redundant configuration), two network interfaces on
the host computer 28
Using Dante Controller 29
Network View 29
Menu bar 30
File 30
Device 31
View 31
Help 31
Tool bar 31
Tabs 31
Status Bar 32
Status Bar 32
Network View Tabs 32
Routing View 32
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Expanding the Routing View 33
Device List Filtering 33
Channel Groups 34
Device Info 35
Clock Status 36
Device Name 36
Sync 36
Mute 37
Clock Source 37
Primary Status | Secondary Status 37
Preferred Master 37
Enable Sync To External 37
About Clock Domains 38
About Master Clocks 38
Clock Status Monitoring 39
Why would a device clock be unstable? 39
Passive monitoring 39
Active Monitoring 39
Clock Status Monitor 40
Log 40
History 41
About Clock Offset 41
About the Histogram 42
Interpreting the Histogram 42
Network Status 44
Device Name 44
Subscription Status 44
PrimaryStatus 44
Secondary Status 44
Bandwidth Columns 45
Latency Setting 45
Latency Errors 45
Packet Errors 45
Events 46
Filtering the Event List 46
Clearing the Event List 46
Saving the Event Log 47
Automatic event logging 47
Event Classification 47
Automatic Notification of Device Errors 48
Incorrect IP address configuration 48
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Failsafe mode 48
Upgrade mode 48
Other Event Notifications 49
Device View 49
Device View Menu bar 51
File 51
Device 51
View 51
Help 51
Device View Toolbar 51
Device View Tabs 51
Receive Tab 52
Receive Channels 52
Available Channels 53
Creating Subscriptions 53
Changing Receive Channel Labels 53
Transmit Tab 54
Changing Tx channel labels 55
Status Tab 55
Device Information 55
Dante Information 56
Clock Synchronization 56
Primary Interface 56
Secondary Interface 57
Latency Tab 57
About Latency and Packet Loss 57
About the Histogram 58
Interpreting the Histogram 59
Device Config Tab 60
Configurable Parameters 61
Rename Device 61
Sample Rate 61
Device Latency 62
Reset Device 62
Network Config Tab 62
Dante Redundancy / Switch Configuration 63
Redundant 63
Switched 63
Switch Configuration 63
Addresses 63
HA Remote 64
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Multicast Transmit Flow Configuration 65
Presets 67
About Device Roles 67
Saving Presets 68
Parameter Rules 68
Rx Subscriptions 68
Tx Flows (multicast flows) 69
Tx Channel Labels 69
Applying Presets 69
Preset Elements 70
Preset Roles 70
Automatic Assignments 71
Manual Assignments 72
Target Devices 72
Issues 73
Applying the Preset 73
Global Configuration 73
Troubleshooting 75
Fanout 75
About Transmit Flows 75
Messages on Startup 75
Computer Configuration Checklist 76
Third-party firewall configuration 76
Troubleshooting Dante IP Address Configuration 76
Correct IP configuration 77
Possible IP network configuration mistakes 77
Incorrect PC/Mac IP configuration 77
Incorrect general IP configuration 77
Incorrect redundant network configuration 77
What are the symptoms of using the wrong network interface on my computer? 78
How do I check which network interfaces Dante Controller is using? 78
How do I check IP addresses for all devices on my network? 78
Troubleshooting Switch Configuration and Cabling 79
Symptoms of switch or cabling issues 79
Switch and Cabling Checklist 79
Index 80
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Copyright © 2014 Audinate Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Contacts
Audinate Pty Ltd
Level 1, 458 Wattle Street
Ultimo NSW 2007
AUSTRALIA
Tel. +61 2 8090 1000
Postal address
Audinate Pty Ltd
PO Box 855
Broadway NSW 2007
AUSTRALIA
Audinate Inc
1732 NW Quimby Street
Suite 215
Portland, OR 97209
USA
Tel: +1 503 224 2998
info@audinate.com
www.audinate.com
Copyright
© 2014 Audinate Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
Audinate®, the Audinate logo and Dante are trademarks of Audinate Pty Ltd.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Audinate products are protected by one or more of US Patents 7747725, 8005939, 7978696, 8171152, and
other patents pending or issued. See www.audinate.com/patents.
Legal Notice and Disclaimer
Audinate retains ownership of all intellectual property in this document.
The information and materials presented in this document are provided as an information source only.
While effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information, no guarantee is
given nor responsibility taken by Audinate for errors or omissions in the data.
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Copyright © 2014 Audinate Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Audinate is not liable for any loss or damage that may be suffered or incurred in any way as a result of
acting on information in this document. The information is provided solely on the basis that readers will be
responsible for making their own assessment, and are advised to verify all relevant representation,
statements and information with their own professional advisers.
Software Licensing Notice
Audinate distributes products which are covered by Audinate license agreements and third-party license
agreements.
For further information and to access copies of each of these licenses, please visit our website:
www.audinate.com/software-licensing-notice
Dante Controller User Guide
Copyright © 2014 Audinate Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
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About Audinate
Audinate revolutionizes AV systems to enable its customers to thrive in a networked world. Audinate's
patented Dante media networking technology has been adopted by the leading manufacturers in the
professional audio/visual industry.
Dante is used extensively for live performance events, commercial installation, broadcast, recording and
production, and communications systems.
Audinate offices are located in US, UK and Australia. Visit www.audinate.com for the latest news and
information on the company.
Dante is Digital Media Networking Perfected.
About Dante
Audinate’s Dante technology provides high performance digital media networking that meets the quality
and performance requirements of professional live sound, AV installations and broadcast and recording
systems.
Designed to fully exploit the capabilities of today and tomorrow’s networking equipment, Dante provides
media transport mechanisms that eliminate many traditional audio network design restrictions. Dante
makes it easy to set up robust, flexible digital audio networks with virtually unrestricted performance. A
Dante network can be designed with mixed Gigabit and 100Mbps network speeds, simultaneously support
audio with different sample rates and bit depths, and even allow the design of network zones with different
latencies.
Dante is built on Internet Protocols not just Ethernet. Because it uses standard IP over Ethernet, Dante
is capable of running on inexpensive off-the-shelf computer networking hardware, and with the use of
standard QoS can share installed networks with other data and computing traffic.
Dante provides sample-accurate synchronization and can deliver the very low latency required by
professional audio. Dante’s network-centric, audio-independent approach to synchronization allows
perfectly synchronized playout across different audio channels, devices and networks, even over multiple
switch hops.
Dante makes networking a true plug-and-play process, allowing automatic device discovery and system
configuration. Dante-enabled devices will automatically setup their network configuration and advertise
themselves and their channels on the network, reducing complicated, error-prone set-up procedures.
Instead of ‘magic numbers’, networked devices and their input and output signals can be named to make
sense to the user.
Dante is not restricted to allowing configuration and transmission of audio channels. Dante also provides
mechanisms to send or receive control and monitoring information across the Dante IP network, including
equipment-specific messages and control specified and developed by a particular manufacturer.
With its strong foundations and links to current and evolving network standards, Dante is able to deliver a
level of future proofing otherwise unavailable in other types of digital audio transportation. Continued
evolution of its networking technology is an integral part of the Dante roadmap.
Dante technology is available in ready-to-implement hardware and software products, reference designs
and development APIs.
For more information, please visit the Audinate website at www.audinate.com.
Dante Controller User Guide
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Introduction
About Dante Controller
Dante Controller is a software application provided by Audinate which allows
users to configure and route audio around Dante networks. It is available for
Windows and OSX(see Minimum System Requirements for more details).
Once you install Dante Controller on your PC or Mac and connect it to a Dante
network, you can use Dante Controller to:
n View all Dante-enabled audio devices and their channels on the network
n View Dante-enabled device clock and network settings
n Route audio on these devices, and view the state of existing audio routes
n Change the labels of audio channels from numbers to names that suit you
n Customize the receive latency (latency before play out)
n Save audio routing presets
n Apply previously saved presets
n Edit presets offline, and apply as configurations for new network deployments
n View and set per device configuration options including:
o
Changing the device name
o
Changing sample rate and clock settings
o
Viewing detailed network information
o
Access the device web page to upgrade firmware and license information (where supported)
o
Identify a device for example by flashing LEDs (where supported)
n View network status information, including:
o
Multicast bandwidth across the network
o
Transmit and receive bandwidth for each device
n View device performance information, including latency statistics and packet errors
n View clock status information for each device, including frequency offset history and clock event
logs
What's New in version 3.5
v3.5.6
n Dante Controller now displays Ultimo devices in orange text when they are in upgrade mode.
n Device names can now start with a numeric character.
n OSX10.10 is now supported.
v3.5.1
n Dante Controller now checks (at startup) the version of the Dante Control and Monitoring service
(conmon) that is installed on the computer. If the conmon version is not correct for the installed
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version of Dante Controller, the user is prompted to update the conmon version, by reinstalling Dante
Controller.
v3.5.0
n Presets have been enhanced. You are now able to filter the parameters that are saved into presets,
edit preset files offline (this effectively allows you to use Dante Controller as an offline configuration
tool), and apply the saved parameter sets as 'device roles' to any compatible devices, on any net-
work (where supported). See Presets for more information.
n For supported devices, the new Device View > Latency tab allows you to view a histogram of audio
packet latency for each transmitter that the device is subscribed to.
n For supported devices, Clock Status Monitoring allows you to view a histogram of clock stability for
the device.
n Dante Controller can now be connected to primary and secondary networks (where applicable),
enabling full control over redundant devices should the primary network fail.
n Channel Groups allow you to group device channels into sets of 16.
n A new tab, Network Status, displays network related information for all devices on the network.
o
The 'Clear Counters' button on the Device View > Status tab can be used to clear packet error
history for the device.
n The Device Status tab is now called Device Info.
n The Clock Status tab has been enhanced.
n The Events tab has been enhanced. Events can now be filtered by severity, and the event log icon in
the status bar displays notifications for new events.
n The new Status Bar displays the status of connectivity to the primary and secondary networks, mul-
ticast bandwidth (previously shown in the toolbar), and notification icons for the event log and the
clock status monitor.
n New look and feel.
Previous releases
v3.4.0
n Metering icons are displayed for supported devices.
n The Multicast Bandwidth for the network is displayed on the menu bar.
n The event log icons have been updated.
n Subscription in progress icons are now displayed when new subscriptions are made.
n Clock Health Monitoring - displays a notification if a device clock is showing signs of instability.
n Clear Config replaces FactoryReset for supported devices.
n Mute Status has been added to the Device view > Status tab.
n The Apple Bonjour service is no longer used for device discovery by Dante Controller for Windows -
the Audinate 'Dante Discovery' service is now used instead. Dante Discovery is installed auto-
matically with Dante Controller v3.4.0 for Windows.
Note: If you have Dante Firmware Update Manager or Dante Virtual Soundcard, do not uninstall
Bonjour from your system - it is still required by those applications.
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v3.2.9
n For supported devices (Dante-MY16-AUD cards v3.3.9 and up), the Device View now includes an
HARemote tab.
n Dante Controller for Mac now supports OSX10.8.
v3.2.8
n Switch Configuration - supported devices allow specialist switching configurations
n Device View > Status tab - for supported devices, the 'Device Information' pane in the Device View
> Status tab now displays manufacturer, product type and product version information for the device.
Dante-specific information for the device (Dante model, Dante software and Dante firmware ver-
sions) is now displayed in the 'Dante Information' pane.
n Device Status View - the 'Type' and 'Version' columns have been renamed as 'Product Type' and
'Product Version'
n Various performance and stability enhancements
Minimum System Requirements
The tables below list the minimum system specifications for your computer to be able to use Dante
Controller.
Disclaimer: It is possible that your computer may meet the requirements below, but suffer from some
other individual performance limitation related to its particular hardware. Please seek the advice of your
computer support administrator.
General
Component Recommended Minimum Requirement
Processor 1GHz or better
Memory 512Mbyte of RAM
Network Standard wired Ethernet network interface (100Mbps or Gigabit). Wireless LAN (Wi-
Fi) Ethernet interfaces are not supported
Windows
Component Recommended Minimum Requirement
Operating
System
Windows 7 (SP1 and above), 8 and 8.1
NOTE: Both UTF-8 and Unicode are supported EXCEPT for host or device
names; the DNS standard does not support Unicode for these
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Mac OSX
Component Recommended Minimum Requirement
Operating System Mac OS X 10.7.5, 10.8.5, 10.9.5 and 10.10
NOTE: Intel architecture only; PPC architecture is not supported
Note: If you intend to also install Dante Virtual Soundcard on the same machine as Dante Controller,
you will require a machine which meets the minimum system requirements for Dante Virtual
Soundcard.
OperatingSystem Updates
Ensure your PC or Mac has the latest Windows or Apple updates installed.
Firewall Configuration
Firewall configuration for Windows Firewall and Mac OS X built-in firewall is automatically handled during
installation.
Dante Controller communicates over UDP over the following ports:
n Dante Control and Monitoring: 8700-8705, 8800
If you are using a third-party firewall product, use the port information provided above to configure it
accordingly.
Monitor Requirements
n A display resolution of at least 1024 x 768, with a screen size of at least 19 is recommended for
Dante Controller.
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Installing Dante Controller
Downloading Dante Controller
Dante Controller is available for download from Audinate’s website.
To download a copy of Dante Controller:
1. Go to the Audinate website: www.audinate.com.
2. Navigate to Products > Dante Controller.
3.
Under ‘Download’, choose your operating system.
4.
Click the red download button.
This will take you to the appropriate Dante Controller release page for your operating system.
Click the link under ‘File downloads to download the Dante Controller installer.
Installing Dante Controller on Windows
Once you have downloaded the self-installing Dante Controller file, navigate to the directory where you
have downloaded it (e.g. Desktop).
To install:
1. Ensure you are logged on to your PCas an administrator.
2. Navigate to and double-click the Dante Controller installer file.
3. Read the license agreement. If you agree to the terms, select the 'I agree' checkbox and click
Install. If you do not agree to the terms, click Close.
4. Confirm / acknowledge any Windows security prompts that are displayed.
Dante Controller will then be installed. Dante Controller will be added to the start menu, under
'Audinate'.
Installing Dante Controller on Mac OSX
To install Dante Controller on Mac OSX:
1. Double-click the Dante Controller .dmg file. A drive icon will appear on your Desktop Finder window.
Double click on this to open.
2. Double click the Dante Controller .pkg. This will run the installer.
3. Read the license text, and if you accept the terms of the agreement, click Agree.
If you do not accept these terms, click Disagree to terminate the installation.
Uninstalling Dante Controller
You should not need to uninstall Dante Controller before installing a new version.
However, if you do wish to uninstall DanteController:
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Windows
Navigate to Control Panel > Programs and Features, select Dante Controller and click Uninstall.
Note: Two other Dante features, 'Dante Control and Monitoring' and 'Dante Discovery', may still be
present in the programs list after uninstalling Dante Controller. Do not uninstall these features if they
are present - they are required by other Dante software applications (for example, Dante Virtual
Soundcard, Firmware Update Manager, and third-party Dante control applications). They will be
removed automatically if they are no longer required.
Mac OS X
Use the Uninstall tool available in the .dmg file.
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Dante Basics
Discovery and auto-configuration
When a Dante-enabled device is connected to an IP/Ethernet network, it will automatically:
1. Configure its IP address
2. Advertise itself to allow automatic discovery
Within seconds of a Dante-enabled device connecting to a network, Dante Controller will automatically
discover and display the device, allowing you to configure channels and route audio.
Automatic network configuration
A Dante-enabled device connected to a network will automatically setup its own network configuration,
including its IP address.
If the network has a DHCP server, which may be the case for installed networks, it will receive its IP
configuration using the standard DHCP protocol.
On a network without a DHCP server, which may be the case for temporary or smaller networks, the
Dante-enabled device will automatically assign itself an address using link local protocols, in the same
way PCs and printers often do.
Automatic discovery
A Dante-enabled device will advertise information about itself to other Dante devices and Dante Controller,
including:
n Device name
n Audio channel labels
n Number of audio channels
n Sample rates and bit depths
This information can be seen when viewing a device on Dante Controller, and allows Dante devices to
determine compatibility with other devices, such as compatible sample rates to allow audio to be routed.
Device Channels
A Dante device has a number of channels associated with it. These are either transmit (Tx) or receive (Rx)
channels. Receive channels and devices are listed down the left side of the grid. Transmit channels and
devices are listed along the top of the grid.
Transmit channels are advertised on the network. A receiver uses this advertisement to establish a
subscription to the channel. A transmit channel can be sent to multiple receivers using unicast or
multicast.
Receive channels are connected to transmit channels via a subscription. Each receive channel will receive
audio over the network from at most one transmit channel.
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Subscribing to Audio Channels
In the Routing View, a blue square at the intersection of an Rx and a Tx channel indicates that is it possible
to create an audio route between those channels. A grey square indicates that it is not possible to create a
route between those channels. This may be because of a mismatch in sample rate between the transmitter
and receiver, or because a device cannot route to itself.
When you click a blue square at the cross-point between a transmit channel and a receive channel, a
subscription will be created, and a green tick will appear in the matrix cross point. You may initially see
a grey hourglass icon (usually very briefly) to indicate that the subscription is in progress.
If there is a problem with the subscription, either a warning or an error icon may appear. If many
devices have been subscribed at the same time, a yellow pending icon may appear temporarily. Hover
the mouse over subscription icons to see a related tooltip (see Subscription Tooltips).
Note: Subscriptions can also be created in the Device View. This is covered in the Device View
section (Device View is NOT the same as Device Status View).
Subscribing to Multiple Audio Channels at once
To subscribe multiple channels at the same time, hold down the Ctrl key and click the [-] symbol at the top
left corner of the intersection between the two devices. All possible channels will be subscribed at the
same time (see the figure in Expanding the Routing View).
Unsubscribing Audio Channels
To unsubscribe an audio channel, click on the cross-point containing a subscription. The subscription icon
will be removed and revert to a plain blue square.
Subscription Status
The symbol displayed at the intersection of the Tx channel and the Rx channel in the Routing View
provides information on the status of the subscription or connection, as follows:
In progress The subscription is in progress
Subscribed Connection is established and fully functional
Warning The subscription is unresolved, typically because the transmitting
device is not visible on the network (for example, because it has
been removed, or switched off)
Error An error has occurred - for example, there is insufficient bandwidth
to establish the subscription
Pending Device is part-way through setting up subscription. Most commonly
seen when subscribing many channels at a time
Note: The status of a subscription can change after it has been initially established, due to changes
in the network or changes in other devices.
Subscription Tooltips
Hovering the mouse over a subscription icon in the Routing tab displays a tooltip containing information
about the subscription.
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If there is no problem with the subscription, the tooltip will display the Rx channel and device name, plus
the Tx channel and device name (for example, 'kick@Monitor-Console <- 01@Stagebox-2').
Other messages are displayed if the subscription is in any other state.
Some common messages are:
n
'Incorrect channel format: source and destination channels do not match'
The receiver and transmitter are set to different sample rates.
n
'Mismatched clock domains: The transmitter and receiver are not part of the same clock domain'
One of the devices is configured with sample rate pull-up/down that does not match the other device.
n
'Tx Scheduler failure'
This is typically because you are trying to use sub-millisecond latency over a 100 Mbps network link
(1 msec is the minimum supported latency over 100 Mbps links).
n
'No Receive flows: receiver cannot support any more flows'
This will be seen if the receiver is subscribed to too many devices (devices typically do not support
the same number of flows as they do channels). See Routing Audio > Flows for more information.
n
'No more flows (TX): transmitter cannot support any more flows'
This will be seen if too many devices are subscribed to the transmitter. See Fanout for more
information.
Differentiating between input and output channels
Channels are classified according to whether they put audio data onto, or take audio data off the network:
n A channel that puts audio data onto the network is known as a transmitting, Tx or output channel.
n A channel that takes data off the network is known as a receiving, Rx or input channel.
Device Names and Channel Labels
In Dante, devices and audio channels are identified by names and labels, not “magic numbers. Device
names and channel labels can be customized.
n Dante routing is performed using the device names and channel labels. A receive channel can be sub-
scribed to the name of a transmit channel at a device.
Example: Analog L@my-transmitter describes a channel labelled Analog L on a device
named my-transmitter. Device names must be unique on a Dante network. Channel labels
must be unique on the device.
n If a device or channel is renamed, Dante routing considers it to be a different device or channel. If a
new device or channel is then given the old name, Dante routing will route from the new device in
place of the previous device.
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Example: The power supply on stage-box fails and stage-box needs to be replaced. The
old stage-box is removed, and a new box is plugged in and named stage-box. Dante
receivers previously subscribed to the old stage-box will now automatically restore their
subscriptions to the new stage-box.
n Device names must be unique on the network. If you attempt to rename a device using Dante Con-
troller to a name that is already in use on the network, Dante Controller will notify you and reject the
name change.
Example: There is an existing device on the network called MY16-slot1. If user attempts to
rename another device to MY16-slot1 Dante Controller will notify you that the name is already
in use. The device will not be renamed.
n If a new device is added to the network with a name that already exists, a name conflict is detected,
and one of the devices will rename itself by appending (2) to its name. This device will not be able to
transmit audio until it is renamed.
Note: A device that has been renamed with (2) appended (e.g. MY16-slot1(2)) will not be able to
transmit audio until it is renamed. The device name must be changed by the user to be a valid non-
conflicting name before the device can become fully functional.
Rules for Names and Labels
n All Dante names and labels are up to 31 characters in length. Name and label comparisons are case-
insensitive; Guitar and guitar are treated as the same label. Unicode and non-roman char-
acters are not supported.
n Device names should follow Domain Name System (DNS) hostname rules. Legal characters are A-
Z, a-z, 0-9, and '-' (dash or hyphen).
n Tx channel labels may use any character except '=' (equals), '.' (full stop or period), or '@' (at). Tx
channel labels must be unique on a device. Tx channel labels do not need to be unique on the net-
work as they are always qualified by device (channel@device).
n Rx channel labels follow the same rules as Tx channel labels.
Routing Audio
Routing Terminology
n Device: A device means a Dante-enabled device, and more specifically that component of the audio
equipment that implements the Dante interface. A Dante device typically has Tx and Rx channels
and other routing-related properties.
n Transmit (Tx) channel: A transmit channel transmits audio from the audio hardware onto the net-
work.
n Receive (Rx) channel: A receive channel receives audio from the network and sends it to the audio
hardware.
n Flow: Dante audio routing creates flows. Each flow carries several channels of audio from a trans-
mitter to one or more receivers. Unicast routing creates flows to single receivers. Multicast routing
creates flows that can be received by multiple receivers. Multicast flows are assigned IDs enabling
them to be identified in Dante Controller.
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n Unicast routing: Unicast flows are point-to-point from a single transmitter to a single receiver.
Unicast flows typically have room for 4 channels of audio.
n Multicast routing: Multicast flows are one-to-many from a single transmitter to any number of receiv-
ers. Use Dante Controller to choose which channels are to be multicast. Unlike unicast routing, mul-
ticast flows consume network bandwidth even if there are no receivers, but do not require additional
bandwidth to add more receivers.
n Subscription: A subscription configures a receive channel to receive audio from a transmit channel
on another Dante device.
n Subscription status: For a receive channel, subscription status indicates whether it is subscribed,
whether it is receiving unicast or multicast audio, whether the subscription is OK, or whether an error
has occurred.
Subscription
Dante routing is performed by associating a receiving (Rx) channel with a transmitting (Tx) channel. This is
called subscription.
Example: Route Tx channels 1 and 2 (labeled Audio L and “Audio R) on the device labeled
Source to Rx channels 3 and 4 on the device labeled “Dest.
Rx channels 3 and 4 on Dest are subscribed as follows:
n 3. Audio L@Source
n 4. Audio R@Source
Dante will perform the necessary audio routing to deliver the audio from the Tx channels to the Rx
channels.
Redundancy
Many Dante devices support redundant audio routing. These devices have two network interfaces, labeled
primary and secondary. Primary interfaces should be connected to one physical network. If redundancy is
being used, secondary interfaces should be connected to a second separate network. Secondary
interfaces cannot communicate with primary interfaces.
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